Segregation by fact, not by law, typically results from housing patterns and social factors. What term describes this kind of segregation?

Segregation by fact, not by law, typically results from housing patterns and social factors. What term describes this kind of segregation?

• A. De jure segregation
• B. Grandfather clause
• C. De facto segregation
• D. Equal protection clause

Answer: (C)

Segregation that exists in practice because of where people live and the social patterns around housing is de facto segregation. It comes from housing patterns, zoning, loan practices, and neighborhood demographics rather than from laws that force separation. Even after legal desegregation, separate living patterns can persist, kept in place by economic and social factors that location-based policies and markets create. In contrast, de jure segregation is segregation established by laws that mandate separate facilities or services. The grandfather clause was a historical voting restriction mechanism, not a description of segregation by housing patterns. The equal protection clause is a constitutional provision used to challenge laws that treat groups differently, not a term for a type of segregation itself.

Segregation that exists in practice because of where people live and the social patterns around housing is de facto segregation. It comes from housing patterns, zoning, loan practices, and neighborhood demographics rather than from laws that force separation. Even after legal desegregation, separate living patterns can persist, kept in place by economic and social factors that location-based policies and markets create.

In contrast, de jure segregation is segregation established by laws that mandate separate facilities or services. The grandfather clause was a historical voting restriction mechanism, not a description of segregation by housing patterns. The equal protection clause is a constitutional provision used to challenge laws that treat groups differently, not a term for a type of segregation itself.